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Multiple deterrence mechanisms, deployed cooperatively and with precision, are essential to effectively deter Russian hybrid warfare.

Hybrid Threats
Resilience
Russia

Deterring Hybrid Warfare: Cost Imposition through Punishment and Denial

Graeme P. Herd and Tom Kühnel

Effectively deterring Russian hybrid warfare must include cost-imposition mechanisms that are traditionally viewed both as deterrence by denial and as deterrence by punishment.

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CT26-02 Deterring Hybrid Warfare: Cost Imposition through Punishment and Denial
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